NCERT Solutions For Class 12 Biology

Download Chapter wise NCERT Solutions For Class 12 Biology

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology enables students to quickly grasp ideas from the CBSE syllabus. Biology NCERT Solutions Class 12 is also written by qualified faculty members and academic experts. As a result, pupils have more resources than on other similar websites. Furthermore, we emphasise learning the intellectual foundations of the CBSE Biology topic so that students may comprehend it easily.

The topics included in the Class 12 NCERT curriculum are heavily weighted in competitive exams. As a result, we have structured these answers in such a way that students will be able to easily learn and memorise the main elements.

Chapter-wise NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology

·        Chapter 1 Reproduction in Organisms

·        Chapter 2 Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants

·        Chapter 3 Human Reproduction

·        Chapter 4 Reproductive Health

·        Chapter 5 Principles of Inheritance and Variation

·        Chapter 6 Molecular Basis of Inheritance

·        Chapter 7 Evolution

·        Chapter 8 Human Health and Diseases

·        Chapter 9 Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production

·        Chapter 10 Microbes in Human Welfare

·        Chapter 11 Biotechnology Principles and Processes

·        Chapter 12 Biotechnology: and its Application

·        Chapter 13 Organisms and Populations

·        Chapter 14 Ecosystem

·        Chapter 15 Biodiversity and Conservation

·        Chapter 16 Environmental Issues

Here you may access and download NCERT class 12 books.

Biology NCERT Solutions Class 12 Exercises and Chapter Specifics

Chapter 1: Organismal Reproduction

The chapter Reproduction in Creatures shows how different organisms reproduce. Reproduction is an important biological process in which an organism produces offspring that are genetically identical to itself. There are two ways to reproduce. Asexual reproduction occurs when children are generated by a single parent, with or without the participation of gamete creation. Sexual reproduction occurs when two parents (opposite sex) participate in the reproductive process, which also involves the fusing of male and female gametes. These ideas are well discussed using appropriate illustrations and examples.

ALGEBRIANS also has the following materials for Class 12 Chapter 1 Reproduction in Organisms:

·        Reproduction in Organisms Class 12 Notes

·        Important Questions for Class 12 Chapter 1: Reproduction in Organism

·        Biology Revision Notes For Class 12 Chapter 1 Reproduction In Organism

·        NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Biology Solutions for Chapter 1 Reproduction In Organisms

Chapter 2: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants - Term I

This course teaches the anatomy, structure, and mechanisms of sexual reproduction in angiosperms. It also goes into detail on subtopics including pre-fertilisation: structure and events, double fertilisation, post-fertilisation: structure and events, apomixis, and polyembryony.

Class 12 CBSE Biology Chapter 2 Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants for the First Term:

Flower structure; male and female gametophyte development; pollination – types, agencies, and examples; outbreeding devices; pollen-pistil interaction; double fertilisation; post fertilisation events – endosperm and embryo development, seed development, and fruit formation; special modes- apomixis, parthenocarpy, polyembryony; significance of seed dispersal and fruit formation

ALGEBRIANS also has the following materials for Class 12 Chapter 2 Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants:

·        Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants Class 12 Notes

·        Important Questions for Class 12 Biology Chapter-2- Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants.

·        Biology Revision Notes For Class 12 Chapter 2 Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants

·        NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Biology Solutions for Chapter 2 Sexual Reproduction In Flowering Plants

Chapter 3: Human Reproduction – Term I

In humans, reproductive events include the generation of gametes (sperms in men and eggs in females). Humans gain sexual maturity after reaching a specific age, which is known as puberty. There are significant distinctions between male and female reproductive events. You will look at the male and female reproductive systems in humans in this chapter. This chapter covers the male and female reproductive systems, gametogenesis, the menstrual cycle, fertilisation and implantation, pregnancy and embryonic development, parturition, and breastfeeding.

Class 12 CBSE Biology Chapter 3 Human Reproduction Topics for First Term:

Male and female reproductive systems; microscopic anatomy of the testis and ovary; gametogenesis – spermatogenesis and oogenesis; menstrual cycle; fertilisation, embryo development up to blastocyst formation, implantation; pregnancy and placenta formation (elementary idea); parturition (elementary idea); lactation (elementary idea).

ALGEBRIANS also provides the following materials for Class 12 Chapter 3 Human Reproduction:

·        Human Reproduction Class 12 Notes

·        Important Questions for Class 12 Chapter 3: Human Reproduction

·        Biology Revision Notes For Class 12 Chapter 3 Human Reproduction

·        NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Biology Solutions for Chapter 3 Human Reproduction

Chapter 4: Reproductive Health – Term I

You learned about the human reproductive system and its activities in the previous chapter. This chapter addresses reproductive health, which is a closely linked issue. The phrase simply refers to reproductive organs that are healthy and operate normally. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines reproductive health as overall well-being in all areas of reproduction, including physical, mental, behavioural, and social well-being. It delves into subtopics such as reproductive health – problems and solutions, population growth and birth control, medical termination of pregnancy, sexually transmitted diseases, and infertility.

Class 12 CBSE Biology Chapter 4 Reproductive Health for the First Term:

Reproductive health and STD prevention; birth control – necessity and techniques, contraception and medical termination of pregnancy (MTP); amniocentesis; infertility and assisted reproductive technologies – IVF, ZIFT, GIFT (elementary idea for general awareness).

ALGEBRIANS also has the following materials for Class 12 Chapter 4 Reproductive Health:

·        Reproductive Health Class 12 Notes

·        Important Questions for Class 12 Chapter 4: Reproductive Health

·        Revision Notes For Class 12 Biology Chapter 4 Reproductive Health

·        NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Biology Solutions for Chapter 4 Reproductive Health

Chapter 5: Principles of Inheritance and Variation – Term I

Genetics is a discipline of biology that studies heredity and the transmission of traits from parents to children. Inheritance is the process through which traits are handed down from parent to child; it is the foundation of heredity. The degree to which kids differ from their parents is referred to as variation. Subtopics covered in this chapter are Mendel's Laws of Inheritance, Inheritance of One Gene, Inheritance of Two Genes, Sex Determination, Mutation, and Genetic Disorders.

Class 12 CBSE Biology Chapter 5 Principles of Inheritance and Variation for the First Term:

Mendelian inheritance; departures from Mendelism – imperfect dominance, co-dominance, multiple alleles and blood group inheritance, pleiotropy; basic concept of polygenic inheritance; chromosomal theory of inheritance; chromosomes and genes; Sex determination – in humans, birds, and honey bees; linkage and crossing over; sex related inheritance – haemophilia, colour blindness; Human Mendelian diseases -thalassemia; human chromosomal disorders; Down's syndrome, Turner's syndrome, and Klinefelter's syndrome

ALGEBRIANS also has the following materials for Class 12 Chapter 5 Principles of Inheritance and Variation:

·        Principles of Inheritance and Variation Class 12 Notes

·        Important Questions for Class 12 Chapter 5 Principles of Inheritance and Variations

·        Revision Notes For Class 12 Biology Chapter 5 Principles Of Inheritance And Variation

·        NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Biology Solutions for Chapter 5 Principles Of Inheritance And Variation

Chapter 6: Molecular Basis of Inheritance – Term I

You learned about inheritance patterns and their genetic underpinnings in the previous chapter. The nature of those 'factors' governing the pattern of inheritance was not understood at the time of Mendel. The nature of the supposed genetic material was explored during the following hundred years, ending in the discovery that DNA – deoxyribonucleic acid – is the genetic material, at least for the majority of creatures. You learned in Class XI that nucleic acids are polymers of nucleotides. It also covers subtopics like The DNA, The Search for Genetic Material, RNA World, Replication, Transcription, Genetic Code, Translation, Gene Expression Regulation, Human Genome Project, and DNA Fingerprinting.

Class 12 CBSE Biology Chapter 6 Molecular Basis of Inheritance for the First Term:

Structure of DNA and RNA; DNA packing; DNA replication; Central Dogma; transcription, genetic code, translation; gene expression and control – lac operon; Genome, Human and rice genome projects; DNA fingerprinting

ALGEBRIANS also has the following materials for Class 12 Chapter 6 Molecular Basis of Inheritance:

·        Important Questions for Class 12 Chapter 6: Molecular Basis of Inheritance

·        Molecular Basis of Inheritance Class 12 Notes

·        Revision Notes For Class 12 Biology Chapter 6 Molecular Basis Of Inheritance

·        NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Biology Solutions for Chapter 6 Molecular Basis Of Inheritance

Chapter 7: Evolution

The study of the evolution of living forms on Earth is known as evolutionary biology. It delves into issues like the Origin of Life, Evolution of Life Forms – A Theory, and What are the Proofs for Evolution? What exactly is Adaptive Radiation? Biological Evolution, Evolutionary Mechanism, The Hardy-Weinberg Principle, A Brief Account of Evolution, Origin and Evolution of Man connected to Evolution that students should learn

ALGEBRIANS also has the following materials for Class 12 Chapter 7 Evolution:

·        Evolution Class 12 Notes

·        Revision Notes For Class 12 Biology Chapter 7 Evolution

·        Important Questions for Class 12 Chapter 7: Evolution

·        NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Biology Solutions for Chapter 7 Evolution

Chapter 8: Human Health and Diseases – Term II

For a long time, health was thought to be a state of body and mind in which there was a certain amount of humour. Health is influenced by – I genetic disorders – deficiencies with which a child is born and deficiencies/defects inherited from parents from birth; (ii) infections; and (iii) lifestyle factors such as the food and water we consume, the rest and exercise we give our bodies, the habits we have or lack, and so on. The chapter also covers subtopics such Common Human Diseases, Immunity, AIDS, Cancer, Drugs, and Alcohol Abuse.

Class 12 CBSE Biology Chapter 8 Human Health and Diseases for the Second Term:

Pathogens; parasites that cause human diseases (malaria, dengue, chikungunya, filariasis, ascariasis, typhoid, pneumonia, common cold, amoebiasis, ring worm) and how to control them; Immunology fundamentals – vaccinations; cancer, HIV, and AIDS; Drug and alcohol abuse during adolescence

ALGEBRIANS also has the following materials for Class 12 Chapter 8 Human Health and Diseases:

·        Human Health And Disease Class 12 Notes

·        Important Questions for Class 12 Chapter 8: Human Health and Diseases

·        Revision Notes For Class 12 Biology Chapter 8 Human Health And Disease

·        NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Biology Solutions for Chapter 8 Human Health And Diseases

Chapter 9: Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production

With the world's population on the rise, increased food production is critical. Biological concepts used in animal husbandry and plant breeding play an important part in our attempts to boost food production. Several new procedures, including as embryo transfer technologies and tissue culture techniques, will be critical in significantly improving food production. This chapter discusses Animal Husbandry, Plant Breeding, Single Cell Proteins, and Tissue Culture as subtopics.

ALGEBRIANS also has the following materials for Class 12 Chapter 9 Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production:

·        CBSE Class 12 Biology Chapter 9 Strategies For Enhancement In Food Production Notes

·        Important Questions for Class 12 Chapter 9: Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production

·        Revision Notes For Class 12 Biology Chapter 9 Strategies For Enhancement In Food Production

·        NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Biology Solutions for Chapter 9 Strategies For Enhancement In Food Production

Chapter 10: Microbes in Human Welfare – Term II

Microbes, in addition to macroscopic plants and animals, are the most important components of biological systems on Earth. In Class XI, you learned about the diversity of living beings. Protozoa, bacteria, fungi, and minuscule animal and plant viruses, viroids, and prions, which are proteinaceous infectious agents, are all examples of microbes. Bacteria and several fungi may be grown on nutritive media to produce colonies visible with the naked eye. These cultures are important in microorganism research. Microbes in Household Products, Microbes in Industrial Products, Microbes in Sewage Treatment, Microbes in Biogas Production, Microbes as Biocontrol Agents, and Microbes as Biofertilizers are a few of the subtopics.

Class 12 CBSE Biology Chapter 10 Microbes in Human Welfare for the Second Term:

Microbes are used in food processing, industrial production, sewage treatment, energy generation, and as biocontrol agents and biofertilizers. Antibiotic production and prudent usage

ALGEBRIANS also has the following materials for Class 12 Chapter 10 Microbes in Human Welfare:

·        Microbes in Human Welfare Class 12 Notes

·        Important Questions for Class 12 Chapter 10: Microbes in Human Welfare

·        Revision Notes For Class 12 Biology Chapter 10 Microbes In Human Welfare

·        NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Biology Solutions for Chapter 10 Microbes In Human Welfare

Chapter 11: Biotechnology Principles and Processes – Term II

Biotechnology is the use of living organisms or enzymes from organisms to create goods and processes that are valuable to humans. The European Federation of Biotechnology (EFB) has defined biotechnology as including both conventional and modern molecular biotechnology. The EFB defines natural science as "the integration of natural science and organisms, cells, components thereof, and molecular equivalents for goods and services." Some of the subtopics covered in the chapter are Principles of Biotechnology, Tools of Recombinant DNA Technology, and Recombinant DNA Technology Processes.

Class 12 CBSE Biology Chapter 11 Biotechnology Principles and Processes for the Second Term:

Genetic Engineering (Recombinant DNA Technology).

ALGEBRIANS also has the following materials for Class 12 Chapter 11 Biotechnology Principles and Processes:

·        Biotechnology: Principles and Processes Class 12 Notes

·        Important Questions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 11 – Biotechnology: Principles and Processes.

·        Revision Notes For Class 12 Biology Chapter 11 Biotechnology Principles And Processes

·        NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Biology Solutions for Chapter 11 Biotechnology Principles And Processes

Chapter 12: Biotechnology: and its Application – Term II

As you will recall from the last chapter, biotechnology is primarily concerned with the industrial-scale manufacture of biopharmaceuticals and biologicals utilising genetically engineered microorganisms, fungi, plants, and animals. Therapeutics, diagnostics, genetically modified crops for agriculture, processed food, bioremediation, waste management, and energy generation are all examples of biotechnology uses. Biotechnological Applications in Agriculture, Biotechnological Applications in Medicine, Transgenic Animals, and Ethical Issues are also covered in this chapter.

Topics Covered in Class 12 CBSE Biology Chapter 12 Biotechnology: and its Application for Second Term:

Human insulin and vaccine manufacturing, stem cell technologies, gene therapy; genetically modified organisms - Bt crops; transgenic animals; biosafety problems, biopiracy, and patents.

ALGEBRIANS also has the following materials for Class 12 Chapter 12 Biotechnology: and its Application:

·        Biotechnology and its Applications Class 12 Notes

·        Important Questions for Chapter 12: Biotechnology and its Application

·        Revision Notes For Class 12 Biology Chapter 12 Biotechnology And Its Applications

·        NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Biology Solutions for Chapter 12 Biotechnology And Its Applications

Chapter 13: Organisms and Populations – Term II

Ecology is a topic that analyses the interactions between organisms and their physical (abiotic) environment, as you have previously learned in earlier semesters. Ecology focuses on four levels of biological organisation: organisms, populations, communities, and biomes. This chapter delves into ecology at the organismic and population levels. It also covers subtopics like Organism and Environment and Populations.

Class 12 CBSE Biology Chapter 13 Organisms and Populations for the Second Term:

Habitat and niche, population and ecological adaptations; population interactions – mutualism, competition, predation, parasitism; population features – growth, birth and death rates, age distribution

ALGEBRIANS also has the following materials for Class 12 Chapter 13 Organisms and Populations:

·        Organisms and Populations Class 12 Notes

·        Important Class 12 Biology Questions For Chapter 13: Organisms and Populations

·        Revision Notes For Class 12 Biology Chapter 13 Organisms And Populations

·        NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Biology Solutions for Chapter 13 Organisms And Populations

Chapter 14: Ecosystem

An ecosystem is a functional unit of nature in which living species interact with one another as well as with their physical surroundings. In this chapter, we will first examine the ecosystem's structure in order to comprehend the intake (productivity), energy transfer (food chain/web, nutrient cycle), and output (degradation and energy loss). We will also examine the linkages – cycles, chains, and webs – formed as a result of these energy fluxes within the system, as well as their interdependence. Ecosystem–Structure and Function, Productivity, Decomposition, Energy Flow, Ecological Pyramids, Ecological Succession, Nutrient Cycling, and Ecosystem Services are among the subtopics covered.

ALGEBRIANS also has the following materials for Class 12 Chapter 14 Ecosystem:

·        Ecosystem Class 12 Notes

·        Revision Notes For Class 12 Biology Chapter 14 Ecosystem

·        Important Questions for Class 12 Chapter 14: Ecosystem

·        NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Biology Solutions for Chapter 14 Ecosystem

Chapter 15: Biodiversity and Conservation – Term II

Genetic diversity, species diversity, ecological diversity, different types of species, patterns of diversity, loss of biodiversity, biodiversity conservation, and other issues are covered in Biodiversity and Conservation. Ex situ and in situ biodiversity conservation are both possible. In situ conservation protects endangered animals in their native environment, hence protecting the entire ecosystem. Ex situ conservation strategies include protecting imperilled species in zoos and botanical gardens, in vitro fertilisation, tissue culture propagation, and gamete cryopreservation.

Class 12 CBSE Biology Chapter 15 Biodiversity and Conservation for the Second Term:

Biodiversity - concept, patterns, and relevance; biodiversity loss; biodiversity conservation; biodiversity hotspots, endangered creatures, extinction, Red Data Book, Sacred Groves, biosphere reserves, national parks, wildlife, sanctuaries, and Ramsar sites

ALGEBRIANS also has the following materials for Class 12 Chapter 15 Biodiversity and Conservation:

·        CBSE Class 12 Biology Chapter 15 Biodiversity And Conservation Notes

·        Important Questions for Class 12 Chapter 15: Biodiversity and Conservation

·        Revision Notes For Class 12 Biology Chapter 15 Biodiversity And Conservation

·        NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Biology Solutions for Chapter 15 Biodiversity And Conservation

Chapter 16: Environmental Issues

Over the previous century, the human population has increased dramatically. This implies that demand for food, water, housing, power, roads, autos, and a variety of other goods will rise. Pollution is defined as any unfavourable change in the physical, chemical, or biological properties of air, land, water, or soil. Pollutants are the factors that cause such an unfavourable alteration. Air Pollution and Its Control, Water Pollution and Its Control, Solid Wastes, Agrochemicals and Their Effects, Radioactive Wastes, Greenhouse Effect and Global Warming, Ozone Depletion in the Stratosphere, Degradation due to Improper Resource Utilization and Maintenance, and Deforestation are the other subtopics students will study in this chapter.

Several fundamental ideas are thoroughly addressed, including reproduction, heredity, evolution, food production, biotechnology, ecosystems, and biodiversity. The principles have also been modified to reflect the most recent CBSE syllabus.

ALGEBRIANS also has the following materials for Class 12 Chapter 16 Environmental Issues:

·        Environmental Issues Class 12 Notes

·        Important Questions for Class 12 Chapter 16: Environmental Issues

·        NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Biology Solutions for Chapter 16 Environmental Issues

ALGEBRIANS is a learning firm, and we are well aware of the significance of study materials and their consequences for academic performance. As a consequence, we created Class 12 NCERT Solutions, a learning resource intended at assisting students in studying and achieving success.

2021-22 CBSE Marking Scheme

Students will take the board examinations twice in their lives. Class 10 is one, while Class 12 is another. The results gained in Class 10 assist students understand the topic in which they excel, and the marks obtained in Class 12 help them plan their future. Keeping this in mind, the CBSE board has divided the complete syllabus into two terms to make it easier for pupils to study all of the ideas. Students would be able to grasp the chapters that are worth more marks after seeing the CBSE board's redesigned course structure.

Term I and II CBSE Class 12 Biology Syllabus Course Structure 2021-22

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology

Biology NCERT Solutions for Class 12 is the most useful instructional resource available. We offer thorough explanations, detailed answers, clear graphics, and much more. Furthermore, we provide correct and up-to-date answers to all of the NCERT textbook practise problems.

Downloadable eBooks, notes, and PDFs are also available to allow students to study at their leisure.

Benefits of Biology NCERT Solutions Class 12

·        Researched and written by experienced teachers

·        New Value-Based Questions with solutions in each chapter

·        Jargon-free, easy language

·        Content formulated as per CBSE curriculum

·        Extensive coverage of fundamental concepts

·        The best resource for CBSE board exam preparation

NCERT Solutions Class 12 Biology Detailed Analysis

NCERT Textbooks are highly regarded for their direct and simple explanations of subjects. These textbooks are excellent for CBSE Class 12 students. It consists of questions designed to assess their conceptual knowledge.

The Biology NCERT Solutions Class 12 contains all of the required knowledge and basic ideas to assist students in preparing for medical entrance examinations such as the NEET.

Important NCERT Solutions Class 12 Biology Topics

·        Principles of Inheritance and Variations

·        Reproduction in organisms

·        Microbes in Human Welfare

·        Evolution

·        Biotechnology

Class 12 NCERT Biology Solutions Practice Questions

Q1. What is the asexual reproductive structure in Sponge?

Q2. True or false: Independent assortment can be seen in a monohybrid cross.

Q3. Write one difference each between Oestrus cycle and Menstrual cycle

Q4. Elaborate the following:

1.      Apomixis

2.      Scutellum

Q5. How are microspores in angiosperms developed?

Q6. Name the hormones produced by women during pregnancy?

Q7. Write one difference between codominance and incomplete dominance.

Q8. Who rediscovered Mendel’s laws?

Q9. YyRr is crossed with wrinkled pea plant. Explain the result with the diagram.

Q10. Define mutagen. Give one example.

Q11. Define MTP.

Q12. What is menarche?

Q13. Draw a labelled diagram of the seminiferous tubule.

Q14. Which part of the fallopian tube is closest to the ovary?

Q15. Draw anatropous ovule and label any six parts.

Q16. What happens to Synergids after fertilization?

Q17. What is the significant difference between autogamy, xenogamy, and geitonogamy?

Q18. What are the gamete mother cells called in diploid organisms?

Q19. Explain the process of cross-pollination in plants.

Discover more questions, concepts and topics in CBSE Biology at ALGEBRIANS. Alternatively, explore NCERT solutions for Maths, Physics, and Chemistry by registering at ALGEBRIANS.

Frequently Asked Questions on NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology

What role do NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology have in test preparation?

The questions in NCERT textbooks may provide a wonderful boost to studying completely and performing well in exams and assessments. Students may begin learning NCERT Solutions Class 12 Biology immediately, resulting in improved performance in subsequent studies. This, in turn, would result in a firm grasp on the syllabus.

Which biology textbook is the best for Class 12?

NCERT Biology Textbook is the most prestigious book for the Class 12 test. These books adhere fully to the CBSE curriculum. It serves as a foundation for preparation for board exams because it offers question questions based on the CBSE syllabus for the subject.

How can I get NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology?

Visit the ALGEBRIANS website and click on NCERT Solutions and view/download the solutions. ALGEBRIANS' answers include extensive explanations for all of these ideas.

Is it true that ALGEBRIANS offers free NCERT Biology Solutions for Class 12?

Yes, these solutions are available in free PDF format for viewing and downloading. Students who are having difficulty answering NCERT textbook practise problems can obtain PDF answers. Our specialists answer the questions in the best way possible to make test preparation easy for students.

What structure in sponges is responsible for asexual reproduction?

Gemmules are the sponge structures responsible for asexual reproduction.

Explain the independent assortment law.

According to the law of independent assortment, alleles from two or more separate genes are selected into gametes independently of one another.

What exactly is apomixis?

Apoximis is a type of asexual reproduction that does not include meiosis and happens without fertilisation. Plants are more prone to this type of reproduction.